Papers and posters
Title: Evaluating Visual Environment Using Wide-angle High Dynamic Range Images
Author: Dr Denis Fan, Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University
Abstract: A good daylight design is aimed to provide fully efficient light for efficient visual performance, and to ensure a comfortable and pleasing environment appropriate to its purpose. Furthermore, the comfort aspect of daylight design is also closely related to the problem of glare.
The aim of this paper is to describe a new method to evaluate visual environment, i.e. discomfort glare using High Dynamic Range (HDR) images captured in real-life office environment. HDR imaging is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range of luminance between light and dark areas of a scene than normal digital imaging techniques. The approach can accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes ranging from direct sunlight to shadows, and the image is usually referred to as a radiance map. Since every pixel represents a measurement value, the system introduces possibilities for fast measurement with high resolution. Unlike conventional technique such as spot metering that uses human eye to detect potential glare sources, an algorithm to determine which parts of the radiance map should be treated as ‘glare sources’ is proposed. Moreover, the detection should be effective and reliably to all possible glare sources scenario at different scene configuration.
Title: A Configurable Approach to Behavioural Modelling and Crowd Simulation
Author: Quanbin Sun, Song Wu, Salford University
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach to model the crowd behaviour in the research of crowd simulation. The idea is to make the simulation environment reusable and enable the researchers focus on the behavioural modelling. To achieve this aim, we isolate the behavioural modelling part from the whole crowd simulation framework and make this part configurable and extendable. In the paper, we introduce our framework including its graphics engine, physics engine, navigation map and the extendable agent model layer. We’ve implemented a simple agent model to demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach.
Download:A Configurable Approach to Behavioural Modelling and Crowd Simulation .pdf
Title: 汽油中硫化物噻吩的氧化动力学研究
Author: 陈兰菊 王荣耕 赵海燕, 河北科技大学
Abstract: Thiophene(C4H4S) are typical thiophenenic sulfur compounds that existed in FCC gasoline. Kinetics of oxidation of C4H4S was conducted with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and formic acid over catalyst of molecular sieve loaded with cerium oxide. The effects of reaction temperature, amounts of oxidant and catalyst, as well as the content of C4H4S were investigated in details. The kinetics of oxidation of C4H4S was preliminarily researched. The sulfur removal rate of 78.2% of C4H4S was achieved under reaction temperature 50℃, addition of 10 mmol oxidant and 0.1 g catalyst; The kinetic equation of oxidation of C4H4S was , it was close to first-order; The reaction rate constant was k20℃=0.00973 min-1, k35℃=0.01536 min-1, k45℃=0.02458 min-1, the surface active energy was 24.29 kJ/mol..
Download:clj1.doc
Title: An introduction on design patterns about BIPV for architects
Author: Shen Xu, Sheffield Univeristy
Abstract: For building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) is the application of multi-discipline, architects can incorporate photovoltaic into buildings skillfully with absorbing new acknowledge, cooperation with engineers, comprehensive energy efficient strategy. It is argued that the barrier and settlement for BIPV in viewpoint of architects, provided the basic issues of its design.It’s proposed the holistic form and detail design patterns about building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV), considering with the characteristic of photovoltaic. Architects can impose the patterns into BIPV design practice as a reference.
Download:CARE Xu Shen.ppt
Title: 汽油中硫化物的氧化脱硫机理研究
Author: 陈兰菊 王荣耕 杨晓东, 河北科技大学
Abstract: Due to serious environmental pollution concerned with the impaction of sulfur oxides contained in engine exhaust emissions, sulfur content specifications in gasoline are becoming more and more stringent worldwide. A simulated gasoline consisting of model sulfur compounds of thiophene and 3-methythiophene dissolved in n-heptane was conducted for the oxidative desulfurization in the hydrogen peroxide and formic acid oxidative system over silica gel loaded with copper and cobalt. Mechanism of oxidation of C4H4S and 3-MC4H4S was discussed by analysis of GC-FPD, GC-MS and FTIR to the solution of model sulfur compounds. The results showed that the ring-opening reaction was occurred in the oxidation of C4H4S and 3-MC4H4S, and sulfate was final product in the H2O2/ formic acid system. The sulfur removal rates of C4H4S and 3-MC4H4S were enhanced when phase transfer catalyst (TBAB) was added. However, a bromine substitution reaction appeared in the oxidation of thiophenes when excessive TBAB was added.
Download:clj2.doc
Title: 气固相法氯化聚氯乙烯的清洁生产
Author: 刘玉敏 张向京 郭欣欣 乔永志 马瑞平 胡永琪 ，河北科技大学
Abstract: 为解决氯碱行业富余氯气对环境存在的潜在污染问题，采用鼓泡流化床对CPVC合成进行研究，以紫外光引发，整个反应过程在干性环境中进行。结果表明，在紫外光波长为300nm，反应温度为110℃，氯气的浓度为30%时，反应时间为1.5h后CPVC中氯含量可达67.88%。
Download:zxj1.doc
Title: 纯碱行业副产氯化铵高值利用关键技术开发
Author: 张向京 刘玉敏 刘世瑞 刘硕 郭欣欣 胡永琪，河北科技大学
Abstract: 纯碱生产过程副产大量氯化铵，目前主要用作农用肥料，其高值开发问题值得关注。本文提出利用氯化铵与甲醇反应生产氯甲烷并实现氨的循环回用的新工艺，并通过实验对催化剂进行了筛选和改性，对反应温度、空速、原料配比等工艺条件进行了探讨。
Download: zxj2.doc
Title: A Time-Varying Model for Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst) Index Analysis
Author: Yang Li, Hua-Liang Wei, S.A. Billings*, M.A. Balikhin, and S. Walker, Sheffield University
Abstract: A novel parametric modelling and identification approach is proposed for the analysis of nonstationary geomagnetic processes in both the time and the frequency domains. The geomagnetic process considered in this study is the disturbance storm-time (Dst) index, which can be viewed as a time-varying input-output process and which can be described by a parameter varying model where the associated time dependent parameters can be approximated using a set of basis functions including typical wavelet basis functions. The associated time-varying coefficients are then estimated by using a normalised least mean square (NLMS) algorithm. A Time-Varying AutoRegressive with an eXogenous (TVARX) inputs model is employed and applied to a range of hourly observed Dst index data, where the solar wind parameter (VBs) is treated as the input and the Dst index is treated as the output. Based on such a TVARX model, the relationship between Dst and VBs is then investigated. One advantage of the proposed model, compared with traditional time-invariant models, is that it can provide much more transient information on the inherent nonstationary dynamics of the associated processes.
Download:yl_Manchester_coference_submitted.pdf Yang Li_presentation_A Time-Varying Model for Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst) index analysis.ppt
Title: A Comparison of Construction Waste Minimization by Design between UK and China
Author: Yiying Hao, Prof. Jian Kang, Sheffield University
Download: hy_waste-jk.ppt
Title: Urbanism, Mixture of Sustainability, Technology, and Culture: Case of Off-Grid City, South Korea, 2009
Author: Xi Wang, Hasim Altan, Sheffield University
Abstract: Urban, architectural and technological design include several solutions in terms of energy efficiency and waste management as well as original cultural values of location, and contemporary requirements of high-tech 21st century life-style. This article represents a ‘Zero Carbon, Zero Energy and Zero Waste’ attitude in different urban space with various functions such as Residential, Industrial, Business Commercial, Research, Cultural and Shopping spaces.
Moreover, it contains a background knowledge discussing sustainability, technological design, and local culture (i.e. values, traditions, and local high-tech artifices) investigating their roles as three major aspects of Urbanism and Architecture in a case study of design work (Off-Grid City 2009, Korea). Thus, it introduces the project as a combination of these three aspects.
Download: wx_CARE Conference 2009 Final.pdf
Title: Practical Linear and Nonlinear Modelling ofEnvironmental Data: A Case Study for River Flow Forecasting
Author: Dr. Hualiang Wei, Sheffield University
Abstract: Forecasting of river flow activities is of central importance in planning and utilising local and national water resource systems. Data-based modelling approaches, aimed at learning and building empirical effective models from limited observational data, provide a powerful tool for fitting and analysing river flow data. The basic idea behind a data-based modelling or system identification approach is that the dynamical process under study is considered to be a black-box where the inherent mechanism governing the process is assumed to be unknown and little a priori information about the system dynamics is available. Empirical modelling and system identification procedures are then applied over some available observational data, and a mathematical model will then be identified. In this work, a new type of nonlinear model, called the fractional power autoregressive (FPAR) model which includes the traditional autoregressive (AR) model as a special case is introduced to fit daily averaged river flow data observed at Kingston on the Thames River. Parsimonious and transparent high-order AR and FPAR models are estimated and these can be used for short term and medium term river flow forecasting.
Download: CAREUK2009Wei-SAB.ppt
Title: Hybrid Ventilation for Low Energy Building Design in China
Author: Yingchun Ji, Kevin Lomas, Malcolm Cook, De Montfort University
Abstract: Advanced passive cooling strategy combined with mechanical ventilation has the potential towards energy conservation in buildings for temperate and subtropical climate. During hot summer the mechanical system is operated when natural ventilation on its own is not able to maintain thermal comfort while during mid-seasons natural ventilation can reduce a significant amount of cooling energy for buildings.
Download: HZ_For_CARE_UK_YJi.docx Poster Images: jyc.zip
Title: 氧化还原介体加速偶氮染料降解研究
Author: 郭建博 河北科技大学
Abstract: Advanced passive cooling strategy combined with mechanical ventilation has the potential towards energy conservation in buildings for temperate and subtropical climate. During hot summer the mechanical system is operated when natural ventilation on its own is not able to maintain thermal comfort while during mid-seasons natural ventilation can reduce a significant amount of cooling energy for buildings.
Download: gjb.ppt
Title: 集中空调的故障诊断与节能运行专家系统
Author: Prof. 郑洁, Chongqing University; Dr. 姚润明, University of Reading
Download: zj.ppt
Title:Reactive HVOF Spraying TiN-matrix Composite Coating and its Corrosion and Wear Resistance Properties
Author: Jing Ma, Hebei University of Science and Technology
Download: mj.ppt
Title: Dynamic Analysis for Daylight Availability in High-Density Urban Area
Author: Jiangtao Du, Sheffield University
Abstract: This study describes a dynamic analysis method to investigate daylight availability in high-density urban area. In contrast to traditional static concept based on Daylight Factor, this method introduces Daylight Coefficient and Perez sky luminance function, which can be used to dynamically analysize the annual daylight level profile. Daylight Coefficient on the outside surfaces of buildings has been calculated by DaySim, a package using Radiance algorithm. Also, Sky Luminance Distribution comes from annual solar gains through Perez’s sky model function. Accordingly, integrating Daylight Coefficient and sky luminance distribution would get illuminace values across the outside surfaces. The annual illuminance profile of there surfaces is a significant indicator for daylight levels in buildings.
Three typical built layouts in current high-density Chinese city have been modelled and simulated. The solar radiation data in the simulation are derived from the weather file (2005) of Beijing and Shanghai, which represent different weather zones (II and III) in China and both have plenty of high-density lots. The proposed methodology can help urban and building designers evaluate the possibilities of using natural lighting in high-density area from the early conceptual design stages.
Download: JD-CARE-0509.ppt
